Mr. Cicherski - Texas History

Causes of the Texas Revolution - Unit 5

3rd 9 Weeks

2 Weeks Concepts - Conflicts Nationalism

1. How does belief influence action?

2. How do patterns of cause and effect manifest themselves in the chronology of history?

3. How did cultural differences create conflict between the Mexican government and Anglo settlers?

4. How did political changes in Mexico cause tensions in Texas settlements?

5. What events caused the Texans to rebel?

 

Enduring Understanding The beliefs, ethics, and values of the population are not always shared by the governing body.

 

Unrest in Texas • Adams-Onis Treaty – 1819. Set the boundary between the United States and Spain. U.S. gains control of Florida

• Fredonian Rebellion: Benjamin and Haden Edwards (Edwards Contract)

o Cause: Settlers on land due to Spanish settlements /No support from Mexico or other empresarios

o Effect: Mexican government becomes fearful of Anglo influence; send Mier y Teran to investigate

• Mier y Teran Report:

o Cause: Fredonian Revolt and U.S. attempt to buy Texas

o Effect: Mexico afraid of losing Texas and increases Mexican control over Anglo settlements

• Decree of 1830:

• Abolished slavery in Mexico; Texas is exempt

• Law of April 6, 1830: Provisions: Ended immigration from the U.S., empresario contracts suspended, forts built & soldiers sent to prevent smuggling, customs duties established to discourage trade with foreign nations. o Cause: Mier y Teran recommends increased Mexican involvement in Anglo settlements.

o Effect: Anglos rebel against unfair collection of taxation at Anahuac and immigration laws.

• Turtle Bayou Resolutions: Resolutions: Convince Mexico that the events at Anahuac were not a rebellion and they were defending their rights and the Constitution of 1824; pledge to be loyal citizens of Mexico; support Santa Anna as Federalist President of Mexico.

o Cause: Protest at Anahuac

o Effect: Santa Anna becomes president of Mexico; Clash at Velasco

• Conventions of 1832 and 1833 Resolutions: U.S. immigration resumed, Exempt from duties 3 years, Separate state from Coahuila

o Cause: New Federalist Government and promises made by Santa Anna

o Effect: Santa Anna grants immigration, not statehood; Austin arrested in Saltillo. • Arrest of Stephen F. Austin o Cause: Unorganized and absent Mexican government delays approval of resolutions. Stephen F. Austin writes letter recommending organizing new state government without official approval.

o Effect: Santa Anna enacts some of the resolutions which caused a period of peaceful interaction; Almonte inspects Texas, all quiet, recommends Austin’s release; request ignored. • Santa Anna strengthens central government (Centralist Government)

 

o Cause: Revolt in Mexico; trouble at Anahuac o Effect: Texans begin to rebel and Perfecto de Cos is sent to Texas to control rebellion, Austin returns in support of overthrowing Santa Anna. Consultation between the War and Peace Party. 6th (Prior Knowledge Vocabulary) • Commerce • Delegate • Dictator • Duty • Import • Repeal • Resolution Unit Vocabulary (Assurance Words are bolded) • Decree • Epidemic • Land Speculator • Skirmish

 

 

Texas Revolution and Independence - Unit 6

3RD 9 Weeks  Concepts Conflict Identity

1. Is history the story told by the “winners”?

2. Whom do we believe and why?

3. What is worth fight for?

4. Is there such a things as a “just” war?

1. How did significant individuals impact the outcome of the Revolution?

2. How did social unrest contribute to the start of the Revolution?

3. What impact did significant events have on the outcome of the Revolution?

4. How did Texas independence help establish civil, political, and religious freedom?

 

Enduring Understanding Conflict may be caused by political, social, and economic differences within the nation.

 

Roles of Significant Individuals • George Childress: Wrote Texas Declaration of Independence

• David Burnett: Ad Interim President

• Lorenzo de Zavala: Vice President of ad interim government

• Stephen Austin: Led Army of the People to San Antonio; Consultation sent him to U.S. to get supplies, money, soldiers for Texas cause.

• James Fannin: Commander at Goliad

• Jose Urrea: Led Southern campaign of Mexican Army; Massacre at Goliad

• Sam Houston: Commander of Texas Army; Defeats Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto

• Lopez de Santa Anna: Commander of Mexican Army; President & dictator of Mexico

• Juan N. Seguin: Political and military leader of Tejanos

• William Travis: Led military at the Battle of the Alamo Significant Events of Texas Revolution

• Battle of Gonzales: First battle of the Texas Revolution

• Consultation of San Felipe – Declaration of People of Texas, War and Peace Party, Provisional Government • Battle of San Antonio: Laid siege; Grass Fight, 4 day battle; Cos surrenders and agrees to never fight in Texas again; Texans go home and think war is over

• William Travis’s Letter: Primary Source; Makes a plea for help at the Alamo

• Siege of the Alamo and heroic defenders: Mexico defeats Texans; William Travis, Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie • Constitutional Convention of 1836: Texas Declaration of Independence written, Constitution for Republic of Texas, Ad-Interim Government created, Constitution ensured slavery is legal

• Houston’s Retreat: Reasons—time to build and train army, looking for U.S. support, separate Santa Anna’s troops and weaken supply lines, choosing location for battle

• Runaway Scrape: Texans fled their home due to fear of Santa Anna and lack of confidence in Texas Army (cause - Texas losses at Battle of Alamo and Massacre at Goliad)

• Fannin’s surrender at Battle of Coletto Creek: Texans taken prisoner & massacred at Goliad • Battle of San Jacinto: Sam Houston defeats and captures Santa Anna

• Treaties of Velasco: Texas government & Santa Anna sign; Public & Secret; Mexico removes Santa Anna as president & never recognizes treaties.

o Public Provisions: Santa Anna not fight Texas; Mexican troops leave Texas; prisoners of war exchanged; Property seized during war returned.

o Secret Provisions: Santa Anna agrees to convince Mexico to recognize Texas Independence & set boundary at Rio Grande; Santa Anna released and returned to Mexico.

(Prior Knowledge Vocabulary) • Cavalry • Community • Infantry • Petition • Plantation • Political Parties • Refugee • Siege • Strategy • Veto Unit Vocabulary • Ad Interim • Adopt • Barricade • Bombard • Campaign (military) • Casualty • Civilian • Committee of Correspondence • Community Property • Delegates • Fortify • Garrison • Grievances • Massacre • Parley • Provision • Recruit • Siesta Additional Key People • Ben Milam • “Deaf” Smith • Francita Alavez –Angel of Goliad Key Date 1836— March 2, Texas Independence

 

 

Statehood, and Expansion of U.S. - Unit 8 3rd 9 Weeks 2 Weeks Concepts Essential Questions Guided Questions Change and Identity Nationalism 3. What should a new government provide? 4. Why do people move? 1. What role did Texas play in the westward expansion of the U.S.? 2. How did the Mexican-American War and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo affect Texas? Enduring Understanding 3. How did new immigrant groups and technology affect Texas during the Era of Manifest Destiny? The acquisition of land plays a role in the social and economic growth of a nation.

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Manifest Destiny, US Expansion, and Texas Annexation • United States issues with annexation

o Mexico opposes Recognition of Texas

o US-Mexican Relations

o Texas was a slave state o Concern of international influence • Texas Reasons for Annexation

o Debt o Military support with Mexico/hostile natives

o Cultural and economic ties • International Concerns – U.S. Westward Expansion Joint Resolution-made Texas a territory first, could become five states, had to ratify a state constitution Mexican-American War (U.S. – Mexican War)

• Causes-Texas Annexation, Rio Grande/Nueces River boundary dispute, John Slidell’s proposal, Mexican refusal to negotiate, Polk’s strategy for acquisition of the Western Territory

• Major Battles: Palo Alto; Bear Flag Revolt; Battle of Vera Cruz & conquering of Mexico City

• Significant Individuals: Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, James Polk, Santa Anna

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and Mexican Cession: U.S. gains California, New Mexico, & Arizona. Rio Grande becomes boundary

• Compromise of 1850-Texas decreases in size, present day boundaries set, California Free state, Texas Slave state

• Gadsden Purchase-expansion of southern transcontinental railroad, Santa Anna is banished from Mexico Immigration

• Reasons for Immigration: crop failures, European revolutions, depressions, westward expansion, Homestead Act

• Life in the communities: Farmers and planters, ranchers

• Transportation/Communication: Stagecoach, freight lines, steamboats, railroads, telegraphs, newspapers

 

• Immigrant Groups: o German- New Braunfels, Fredericksburg, Klein o Polish – Panna Maria

 

o Czechs- Praha and Yorktown o French – Dallas o Irish- Refugio and San Patricio 6th (Prior Knowledge Vocabulary) • Manifest Destiny • Ratify • Reservation Unit Vocabulary (Assurance Words are bolded) • Armistice • Census • Envoy • Joint Resolution • Nativism • Reparations